The GCCG research line engages with the study of the new ways in which criminal law, in its national and international forms (eg, the so-called ICC Framework), deals with the emerging transnational and "dematerialized" dimension that currently connotes criminal phenomena. The main purpose of this research line is critically discussing the current theoretical framing concerning criminal law within the transnational space (“internationalization”; sovereignty reduction; and so forth) in such a way to propose a new one. So, GCCG plans to analyze the dynamics of punitive systems, projected into the transnational space, from the perspective of a real "neither national nor international" governance paradigm, in which a plurality of actors (public and private, formal and "informal") participate (national, international, regional courts; administrative agencies; TNCs; transnational private regulatory regimes).