Research fellows
Dirpolis Institute
Irina Carnat
Bio
Irina Carnat is a postdoctoral researcher at the Lider-Lab and l'EMbeDS of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, where she conducts research on accountability and liability frameworks for the development of trustworthy AI systems compliant with European regulations. She holds a National PhD in Artificial Intelligence for Society from Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies and the University of Pisa.
Her research interests include AI governance from a comparative perspective, product liability applied to AI systems, accountability frameworks for AI risk management, compliance procedures under the European Artificial Intelligence Act, and the impact of Generative AI on fundamental rights. She collaborates on the Predictive Justice project, where she develops solutions based on Large Language Models for the legal sector, with particular focus on reliability and automation bias.
She gained operational experience in AI compliance procedures at SmartLex, a spin-off company of Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, following the entire cycle from product design to market deployment. During her university and doctoral studies, she was a visiting researcher at the Institute for Information Law (IViR) and the Amsterdam Center for Transformative Private Law (ACT) at the University of Amsterdam, and at the University of Liège as part of the Erasmus programme.
She is licensed to practice law in Italy.
Publications
Courses
Speaker at Conference 'Rights, Powers and Remedies in the Automation Era', presenting the paper "Automation as Delegation of Power: Costitutional Constraints on AI Systems for the Administration of Justice", Università Bocconi (Milano, 30-31 October 2025)
Discussant at round table 'Immaginare il futuro tra umano ed AI', Internet Festival (Pisa, 11 October 2025)
Trainer at 'Il latinorum dell'Intelligenza Artificiale: strumenti di sopravvivenza per i professionisti', with 'Intelligenza Artificiale Generativa per avvocati (modulo teorico)' and 'Tecniche di prompt engineering per avvocati (modulo pratico)' (Ordine degli Avvocati di Pisa, 13 and 22 May 2025)
Workshop leader for 'AI literacy and prompt engineering for lawyers' within DALIDA: Damages, Liability, and Data Seasonal School (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, 16 May 2025)
Panelist at the roundtable session: AI in the courtroom - different perspectives, presenting the ECJ SCHUFA case (European University Institute, 9 December 2024)
Member of the organizing committee of the 1st Doctoral Workshop on Law, Society, and Artificial Intelligence (Pisa, Italy, 2 December 2024)
Speaker at the Lawtomation Days 2024, presenting the paper "Addressing the Risks of Generative AI for the Judiciary: the Accountability Framework(s) under the EU AI Act" (IE Law School, Madrid, Spain, 26-27 September)
Speaker at the ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency (ACM FAccT 2024), presenting the paper "Human, all too human: accounting for automation bias in generative large language models" (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3-6 June 2024)
Speaker at "Le regole dell’Intelligenza Artificiale" con "Umana, troppo umana: l'intelligenza artificiale generativa nei processi decisionali" (Università di Pisa, Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, 15 April 2024)
Speaker at "Intelligenza Artificiale: opportunità o minaccia per l'avvocato" (Camera Civile di Arezzo, 9 February 2024)
Discussant at "Digital Justice and Constitution" (European University Institute, Florence, 19 January 2024)
JURIX 2023, ‘Legal Annotation Workshop’, Maastricht University, 18 Dec 2023, presenting the article ‘From human-in-the-loop to LLM-in-the-loop for high quality legal dataset’
Speaker at "Responsabilità da Intelligenza Artificiale: profili etici e giuridici" (Milano Digital Week, 9 October 2023)
Speaker at "Come l'IA cambia le professioni legali" (Milano Privacy Week, 28 September 2023)
Teacher at “Strategia europea dei dati e le ricadute du PP.AA. e aziende” with “La sfida dei dati aperti e il ri-uso dei dati: il caso della giustizia predittiva” (AILUN, Nuoro, 21 June 2023)
Speaker at IAIL 2023 "Imagining the AI Landscape after the AI Act" presenting the article "Holding the AI Act Accountable" (Monaco, Germania, 27 June 2023)
Speaker at “ADELE final conference” presenting the Predictive Justice Project (European University Institute, Florence, 9 June 2023)
Speaker at "Giustizia e algoritmi" (Ordine degli Avvocati di Massa Carrara, 17 March 2023)
Speaker and co-organiser of “Battle of Brains”: Debate Workshop (Università di Pisa, 6-7 December 2022)
Speaker at “L'algoritmo incontra la Giustizia: nuove sfide per l'Avvocatura” (Ordine degli Avvocati di Prato, 4 December 2022)
Speaker at “No al giudice robot, sì alla tecnologia al servizio dei diritti” (Milano Privacy Week, 28 September 2022)
Speaker at “Intelligenza Artificiale, Diritto e Sci-Fi” (Fondazione Scuola Forense Alto Tirreno, 24 June 2022)